1991: The German parliament moves to Berlin, marking the relocation of the seat of government and the parliament from Bonn to the newly established capital, as per the “Hauptstadtbeschluss” (capital decision) following Germany’s reunification in 1990.

1975: The film Jaws is premiered, a thrilling masterpiece directed by Steven Spielberg. It tells the story of a rogue great white shark that terrorizes a summer resort town. Jaws is widely considered one of the greatest films of all time.

1963: The “Red Telephone” is instituted, establishing a direct communication hotline between the United States and the Soviet Union. This direct line of communication was implemented after the Cuban Missile Crisis. Contrary to popular belief, the communication between the two superpowers took place via teletype or fax initially and later through email.

1942: Kazimierz Piechowski and three other prisoners stage a daring escape from the Auschwitz concentration camp. Dressed as SS officers and using a stolen SS staff car, they made their way through the front gate. This remarkable act of bravery, described as displaying exceptional courage and gallantry by Polish author Kazimierz Smoleń, took place during World War II when the Nazi regime had murdered 1.1 million people in Auschwitz. It is known that only 144 individuals managed to escape from the camp.

1837: Victoria ascends to the throne and becomes Queen of the United Kingdom. Her reign spanned 64 years, during which the United Kingdom emerged as one of the world’s most powerful nations. Under Queen Victoria’s rule, the British Empire expanded to encompass large parts of the globe. She passed away in 1901, marking the end of an era.